Civil Engineering Basic Knowledge
Civil engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, & maintenance of the infrastructure and the built environment. Here are some basic and Important civil engineering knowledge related to civil engineering.
Civil Engineering Basic Knowledge
The following are basics civil engineering knowledge points to remember for the civil engineers to make the construction work easier while maintaining the quality of the construction.
Civil Engineering Basic Knowledge- Lapping in reinforcement is not allowed for bars having diameters more than 36 mm.
- Steel Char maximum spacing is 1.00 m (or) One No per 1m2.
- In steel dowels, the rod minimum of 12 mm diameter should be used.
- Steel Chairs minimum of the 12 mm diameter bars to be used.
- Longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than 0.8% & more than 6% of gross C/S.
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- The minimum bars used for the square column are 4 No and 6 No for the circular column.
- The main bars used in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm (HYSD) or 10 mm (Plain bars) and distributors not less than 8 mm and not more than 1/8 of slab thickness.
- The minimum thickness of slab should be 125 mm.
- The freefall of the concrete is allowed a maximum of 1.50m in height.
- Lap splices shall not be used for the bars larger than 36 mm.
- Water absorption of the bricks is limited to not more than 15 %.
- The PH value of the water used should not be less than Six.
- The minimum Compressive strength of the Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2.
- The binding wire required in steel reinforcement is 8 kg per Metric tone.
- For soil filling work as per IS code, three samples should be taken for the core cutting test for every 100m2.
Grade of The Concrete
| Grade of Concrete | The proportion of C:S: A |
| M5 | 1:5:10 |
| M7.5 | 1:4:8 |
| M10 | 1:3:6 |
| M15 | 1:2:4 |
| M20 | 1:1.5:3 |
| M25 | 1:1:2 |
M30 & above this grade is based on the mix design.
Clear Cover for the main reinforcement
- For Beam: 25mm
- For Slab: 15mm
- For Flat slab: 20mm
- For Staircase: 15mm
- For Watertank Structure: 20 to 30 mm
- For Retaining Wall: 20 to 25mm to the earth’s surface
- For Column: 40mm
- For Shearwall: 25mm
- For Raft foundation topside: 50mm
- For Raft foundation Bottom and Sides: 75mm
Slump Value for the Different Concrete Work
| Concrete Work | Slump Value in mm |
| Mass Construction | 25-50 |
| Beams and Slabs | 12-25 |
| Cement Concrete Pavement | 30-75 |
| Deck of Bridge | 20-30 |
| Vibrated Concrete | 50-100 |
| Retaining Wall, Column | 75-150 |
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Unit Conversation
- 1 foot = 12 inches
- 1 foot = 0.304 meter
- 1 foot = 304.8 mm
- 1 foot = 30 cm
- 1 inch = 25.4 mm
- 1 inch = 2.54 centimeter
- 1 yard = 3 ft
- 1 yard = 36 inches
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